The Development And Application Of Crispr For Genome...

Every year approximately 4 million babies are born, of those 4 million babies about 3 to 4% are born with a genetic disorder or a birth defect. Imagine, if our doctors and scientist were able to develop a mechanism to that would allow alterations in the genome of these children and adults alike. Dating back to 1987, such mechanism was first described by Dr. Yoshizumi Ishino while he was studying Escherichia coli or E.coli (ISHINO et al., 1987). This newly discovered system is called CRISPR, which stands for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats. Currently, many biotech companies are beginning in for the development and application of CRISPR for genome engineering. What is CRISPR? As mentioned above it is the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, which are segments of DNA that have short repetitions of base sequences. Each repetition is followed by short segment, which is referred to as spacer DNA. CRISPR is actually found in bacteria and archa ea and occurs naturally. Turns out CRISPR is part of the immune systems for bacteria, in those spacer DNAs are store genetic information of viruses that have attacked the bacteria. CRISPR has the ability to capture and store genetic information from invading viruses and use it as template in order to fight off the virus. Along with CRISPR, they have enzymes called CRISPR-associated (Cas) that aid CRISPR in destroying any recognizable virus. 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